Callitrichaceae [HC]
Hippuridaceae [HC]
130 common names
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Scientific name
Common name
Index to common names:
baby-innocence,
beardtongue,
betony,
blue-eyed Mary,
blue-eyed mary,
blue-eyed Mary,
brooklime,
butter-and-eggs,
cancerwort,
collinsia,
coraldrops,
dwarf-snapdragon,
foxglove,
hedge-hyssop,
Kenilworth-ivy,
kittentails,
mare's-tail,
penstemon,
plantain,
snapdragon,
snout,
snow-queen,
speedwell,
synthyris,
toadflax,
tonella,
water-hyssop,
water-starwort
(Tonella floribunda)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in southern Washington; southern Washington to Oregon, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Open, often rocky places, at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
(Tonella tenella)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington, but disjunct in the northern Olympic Peninsula; disjunct in southwestern British Columbia and the northern Olympic Peninsula, otherwise southern Washington to central California.
Habitat: Fairly moist in open to partly shaded places at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Annual
(Penstemon barrettiae)
Distribution: Occurring in the east end of the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; south-central Washington to adjacent north-central Oregon.
Habitat: Woodland openings and rocky slopes at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon pennellianus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in the Blue Mountains of southeastern Washington; southeastern Washington to the Blue Mountains in adjacent northeastern Oregon.
Habitat: Open, gravelly and sandy slopes and ridges, sometimes associated with ponderosa pine forest openings, at middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon cardwellii)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern Washington to southwestern Oregon.
Habitat: Open or wooded summits or slopes at middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon pruinosus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington.
Habitat: Open, rocky places from the valleys and plains to moderate elevations in the mountains, and in the scablands in Washington.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon rupicola)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Rock cliffs and rocky slopes from middle elevations in the mountains to the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon ovatus)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to Oregon.
Habitat: Open woods below 3000 feet in elevation.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon venustus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where introduced in central Washington and native to the Blue Mountains region in southeastern Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Utah.
Habitat: Open, rocky slopes, from the foothills to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native and Introduced
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon subserratus)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; north-central Washington to north-central Oregon.
Habitat: Open ponderosa pine forest and clearings at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon euglaucus)
Distribution: Occurring in the Cascades Range in Washington from Mt Adams south; Washington to central Oregon.
Habitat: Dry, sandy, open or sparsely wooded slopes at moderate elevations to subalpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon cinereus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; central Washington to northeastern California and northwestern Nevada.
Habitat: Open areas at low to middle elevations in loamy or igneous rocky or gravelly soils.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
(Penstemon confertus)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Alberta, Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Coniferous forest openings and open slopes from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon pennellianus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in the Blue Mountains of southeastern Washington; southeastern Washington to the Blue Mountains in adjacent northeastern Oregon.
Habitat: Open, gravelly and sandy slopes and ridges, sometimes associated with ponderosa pine forest openings, at middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon ellipticus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northeastern Washington; southeastern British Columbia to northeastern Washington, east to Alberta and Montana.
Habitat: Rocky places at high elevations in the mountains, often on cliffs, ledges, or in rock crevices.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon speciosus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Nevada and Utah.
Habitat: Dry, open or sparsely wooded areas, often with sagebrush, juniper or ponderosa pine, mostly in the lowlands and foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon rydbergii)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades in Washington; Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Meadows and moist, open slopes, occasionally on drier slopes with sagebrush, chiefly in the foothills and at moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon subserratus)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; north-central Washington to north-central Oregon.
Habitat: Open ponderosa pine forest and clearings at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon hesperius)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in southwestern Washington; narrowly distributed from southwestern Washington to northwestern Oregon.
Habitat: Moist, lowland meadows and stream banks.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon attenuatus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southeastern British Columbia to northeastern Oregon, east to western Montana and Wyoming.
Habitat: Dry to moist meadows and woodland slopes from the lowlands to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon washingtonensis)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest, where endemic to Chelan and Okanogan in Washington.
Habitat: From open slopes and flats at moderate elevations to alpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon triphyllus)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in the southeastern area of Washington; Southeast Washington south to adjacent Oregon and east to adjacent Idaho.
Habitat: Cliff crevices and dry, rocky banks and slopes at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon wilcoxii)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern Washington; Washington to Oregon, east to Montana.
Habitat: Open or often wooded, sometimes in rocky places, from the foothills to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Nothochelone nemorosa)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Olympic Mountains in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Forest understory at middle elevations to moist forest edge and slopes in the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Veronica officinalis)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, balds, prairies, ditches, forest edge, lawns, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Collinsia grandiflora)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Open, moist to rather dry areas, low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
(Collinsia sparsiflora)
Distribution: Occurring in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; south-central Washington to adjacent northern Oregon, east to western Idaho.
Habitat: Open slopes, swales, forest edge, and balds.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-April
Growth Duration: Annual
(Collinsia grandiflora)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Open, moist to rather dry areas, low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
(Collinsia parviflora)
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California and Colorado, east to Ontario and Michigan.
Habitat: Lowlands to alpine meadows in vernally (springtime) moist areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-July
Growth Duration: Annual
(Veronica americana)
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Ditches, slow moving streams, oxbows, and other water bodies, from low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Linaria vulgaris)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, wastelots, and disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Kickxia elatine)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed, open areas, often where gravelly.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
(Collinsia parviflora)
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California and Colorado, east to Ontario and Michigan.
Habitat: Lowlands to alpine meadows in vernally (springtime) moist areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-July
Growth Duration: Annual
(Collinsia sparsiflora)
Distribution: Occurring in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; south-central Washington to adjacent northern Oregon, east to western Idaho.
Habitat: Open slopes, swales, forest edge, and balds.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-April
Growth Duration: Annual
(Collinsia rattanii)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington along the Columbia River Gorge; south-central Washington to the John Day valley in Oregon.
Habitat: Open woods at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
(Veronica rubra)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Oregon, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Open slopes and dry meadows in the lowlands and foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Chaenorhinum minus)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon; east across much of North America to tha Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadside, disturbed open areas, waste ground.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Annual
(Digitalis purpurea)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, also from the Great Lakes region east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, forest edge, meadows, wastelots, and other disturbed partially shaded to sunny areas at low to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Biennial
(Gratiola neglecta)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout most of North America.
Habitat: In shallow water and on muddy shores, and in other wet places in the valleys and plains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
(Gratiola ebracteata)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to western Montana.
Habitat: Shallow water and muddy shores, and in other wet places in the valleys and plains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Annual
(Gratiola neglecta)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout most of North America.
Habitat: In shallow water and on muddy shores, and in other wet places in the valleys and plains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
(Cymbalaria muralis)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, scattered eastward across North America to the Atlantic Coast where more broadly distributed.
Habitat: Roadsides, retaining walls, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low elevation.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-October
Growth Duration: Annual
(Veronica dissecta)
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympic Mountains in Washington, where disjunct; Idaho and Montana to Utah.
Habitat: Stony, subalpine to alpine slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Veronica schizantha)
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympics and Cascades mountains foothills of western Washington; Washington to Oregon.
Habitat: Moist ground at mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Veronica schizantha)
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympics and Cascades mountains foothills of western Washington; Washington to Oregon.
Habitat: Moist ground at mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Veronica rubra)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Oregon, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Open slopes and dry meadows in the lowlands and foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Veronica missurica)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Moist forest slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Hippuris vulgaris)
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountain, northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Streams, ponds and shallow lakes, generally at least partially emerged.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Hippuris montana)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Washington, east to Northwest Territories and Alberta.
Habitat: Wet meadows, streams and mossy banks in the moungtains
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon venustus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where introduced in central Washington and native to the Blue Mountains region in southeastern Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Utah.
Habitat: Open, rocky slopes, from the foothills to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native and Introduced
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon ovatus)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to Oregon.
Habitat: Open woods below 3000 feet in elevation.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon fruticosus)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Alberta, Montana and Wyoming.
Habitat: Common in rocky, open or wooded areas, foothills to rather high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon serrulatus)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Olympic Mountains in Washington; southern British Columbia to Oregon.
Habitat: Moist to wet meadows and forest openings, from low elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon eriantherus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest chiefly in central and northeastern Washington; southeastern British Columbia to Oregon, east to the northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Dry, open places in the valleys, plains and foothills, sometimes ascending to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon davidsonii)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California and Nevada.
Habitat: Open, rocky areas, from middle to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon eriantherus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest chiefly in central and northeastern Washington; southeastern British Columbia to Oregon, east to the northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Dry, open places in the valleys, plains and foothills, sometimes ascending to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon gairdneri)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Oregon, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Dry, open sagebrush desert and scablands, low to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon glandulosus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; central Washington to north-central Oregon, and from southeastern Washington to eastern Oregon, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Open, often rocky hillsides and banks in the foothills, valleys, and lower mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon deustus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana and Utah.
Habitat: Open rocky roadsides, hillsides, and rock outcrops, sometimes in dry meadows, lowland to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon lyallii)
Distribution: Reported from east of the Cascades crest in northeastern Washington, but no specimens seen; southeastern British Columbia to northeastern Washington, east to Alberta, northern Idaho, and western Montana.
Habitat: Rocky slopes, talus, and rock outcrops.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon richardsonii)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to north-central and northeast Oregon.
Habitat: Cliff crevices and other dry, rocky places at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon rupicola)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Rock cliffs and rocky slopes from middle elevations in the mountains to the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon acuminatus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest from Chelan and Douglas counties south along the Columbia River to Klickitat County; central Washington to north-central Oregon, also from southeastern Oregon to northern Nevada, east to southwestern Idaho.
Habitat: Dry, open, sandy places at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon acuminatus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest from Chelan and Douglas counties south along the Columbia River to Klickitat County; central Washington to north-central Oregon, also from southeastern Oregon to northern Nevada, east to southwestern Idaho.
Habitat: Dry, open, sandy places at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon speciosus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Nevada and Utah.
Habitat: Dry, open or sparsely wooded areas, often with sagebrush, juniper or ponderosa pine, mostly in the lowlands and foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon fruticosus)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Alberta, Montana and Wyoming.
Habitat: Common in rocky, open or wooded areas, foothills to rather high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon procerus)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Moist forest openings at moderate elevations to rocky slopes at high elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon attenuatus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southeastern British Columbia to northeastern Oregon, east to western Montana and Wyoming.
Habitat: Dry to moist meadows and woodland slopes from the lowlands to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Penstemon attenuatus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southeastern British Columbia to northeastern Oregon, east to western Montana and Wyoming.
Habitat: Dry to moist meadows and woodland slopes from the lowlands to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Plantago macrocarpa)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the outer coast in Washington; Alaska to Oregon.
Habitat: Coastal wetlands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Plantago coronopus)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the coast in Washington; British Columbia to California; also in Manitoba, Texas, and northeastern U.S.
Habitat: Occasional at low elevations along the coast in sandy or disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia and northern Africa
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
(Plantago major)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Plantago lanceolata)
Distribution: Occuring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast; cosmopolitan.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Plantago major)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Plantago macrocarpa)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the outer coast in Washington; Alaska to Oregon.
Habitat: Coastal wetlands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Plantago subnuda)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in coastal southwestern Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Tidal flats and coastal bluffs.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Plantago arenaria)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland southwestern Washington; British Columbia to California, also in Idaho and central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Sandy areas of roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Annual
(Plantago subnuda)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in coastal southwestern Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Tidal flats and coastal bluffs.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Plantago patagonica)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast; also in South America.
Habitat: Dry, open places at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
(Antirrhinum majus)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas in urban settings.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
(Antirrhinum majus)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas in urban settings.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
(Misopates orontium)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, also in Idaho and Utah; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas in urban settings.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
(Misopates orontium)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, also in Idaho and Utah; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas in urban settings.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
(Veronica regina-nivalis)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Forest understory at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Veronica wormskjoldii)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Moist ground and seeps, mid- to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Veronica americana)
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Ditches, slow moving streams, oxbows, and other water bodies, from low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Veronica argute-serrata)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains, also in scattered areas of eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed, open areas at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
(Veronica persica)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Lawns and waste ground.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Annual
(Veronica anagallis-aquatica)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: In or along slow-moving streams and ditches at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Veronica catenata)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Slow-moving streams and ditches.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
(Veronica officinalis)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, balds, prairies, ditches, forest edge, lawns, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Veronica arvensis)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed ground, gardens and roadsides
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-September
Growth Duration: Annual
(Veronica cusickii)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Open, moist, rocky slopes from subalpine to alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Veronica triphyllos)
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho; also in the central U.S.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, balds, and grasslands.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
(Veronica chamaedrys)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Montana, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, lawns, gardens, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Veronica scutellata)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and eastern North America; Eurasia
Habitat: Wet places and open water, from the lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Veronica polita)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in southeastern Washington; southeastern Washington to adjacent Idaho, also in central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, lawns, and other disturbed open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Annual
(Veronica hederifolia)
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Idaho and Utah; other scattered locations in central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Waste places, disturbed soil.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
(Veronica ×lackschewitzii)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where known only from Yakima County; also reported for Nebraska and California.
Habitat: Slow-moving streams and ditches.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Veronica longifolia)
Distribution: Known from only a few localities west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Washington, east across Canada and the northern U.S. to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, where escaped from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Veronica scutellata)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and eastern North America; Eurasia
Habitat: Wet places and open water, from the lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Veronica persica)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Lawns and waste ground.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Annual
(Veronica peregrina)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Swales, wet meadows, stream banks, and other moist places, from the lowlands to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Both native (var. xalapensis) and introduced (var. peregrina) varieties
Flowers: April-September
Growth Duration: Annual
(Veronica scutellata)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and eastern North America; Eurasia
Habitat: Wet places and open water, from the lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Veronica verna)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Montana and Wyoming.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
(Veronica filiformis)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Weed of lawns and gardens
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Veronica serpyllifolia)
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Moist meadows and shores, from the lowlands to the subalpine.
Origin: Both native and introduced
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Veronica arvensis)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed ground, gardens and roadsides
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-September
Growth Duration: Annual
(Veronica regina-nivalis)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Forest understory at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Nuttallanthus texanus)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Sasketchewan and across much of the U.S. except the upper Midwest and Northeast.
Habitat: Prairies, grasslands, and balds.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual
(Linaria genistifolia)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern Washington; British Columbia to northeastern Oregon; in scattered localities across North America.
Habitat: Open areas roadsides, fields, wastelots, forest openings, typically where disturbed.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia and northern Africa
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Nuttallanthus canadensis)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia and Puget Trough islands to western Oregon and California.
Habitat: Prairies, balds, and other open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual
(Linaria dalmatica)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Open areas roadsides, fields, wastelots, forest openings, typically where disturbed.
Origin: Introduced Eurasia and northern Africa
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Cymbalaria muralis)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, scattered eastward across North America to the Atlantic Coast where more broadly distributed.
Habitat: Roadsides, retaining walls, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low elevation.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-October
Growth Duration: Annual
(Linaria grandiflora)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Oregon, east to Idaho; also in Colorado.
Habitat: Open areas roadsides, fields, wastelots, forest openings, typically where disturbed.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia and northern Africa
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Nuttallanthus canadensis)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia and Puget Trough islands to western Oregon and California.
Habitat: Prairies, balds, and other open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual
(Linaria purpurea)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Forest edge, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Mediterranean
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Nuttallanthus texanus)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Sasketchewan and across much of the U.S. except the upper Midwest and Northeast.
Habitat: Prairies, grasslands, and balds.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual
(Tonella floribunda)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in southern Washington; southern Washington to Oregon, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Open, often rocky places, at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
(Tonella tenella)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington, but disjunct in the northern Olympic Peninsula; disjunct in southwestern British Columbia and the northern Olympic Peninsula, otherwise southern Washington to central California.
Habitat: Fairly moist in open to partly shaded places at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Annual
(Bacopa rotundifolia)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in south-central Washington; south-central Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, native to central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Mudfalts, mud-bottomed pools, backchannels, and other slow-moving water of streams and rivers.
Origin: Introduced from central and eastern North America
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Bacopa rotundifolia)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in south-central Washington; south-central Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, native to central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Mudfalts, mud-bottomed pools, backchannels, and other slow-moving water of streams and rivers.
Origin: Introduced from central and eastern North America
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Callitriche hermaphroditica)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east across North America in scattered locations to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Sloughs and streams.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Callitriche heterophylla)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Sloughs and slow-moving, fresh water.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial
(Callitriche brutia)
Distribution: Reported for Washington, but no specimens seen; British Columbia to Oregon.
Habitat: Flowing streams or quiet waters.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Callitriche hermaphroditica)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east across North America in scattered locations to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Sloughs and streams.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Callitriche stagnalis)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: In streams, ponds, and ditches.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Callitriche palustris)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Sloughs and slow-moving fresh water.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Callitriche palustris)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Sloughs and slow-moving fresh water.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
(Callitriche marginata)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Ponds, lakes, slow-moving streams.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial